The Population Council's HIV and AIDS program is devoted to understanding and slowing the spread of the HIV epidemic. Through biomedical and behavioral research, the Council expands access to innovative and effective products and services, with a focus on the hardest-to-reach, most marginalized populations.
Submissions from 2010
High-risk sex among mobile female sex workers in the context of jatras (religious festivals) in Karnataka, India, Shiva S. Halli, Raluca Buzdugan, Stephen Moses, James Blanchard, Anrudh K. Jain, Ravi K. Verma, and Niranjan Saggurti
HIV genital shedding and safety of Carraguard use by HIV-infected women: A crossover trial in Thailand, Catherine A. McLean, Janneke van de Wijgert, Heidi E. Jones, John M. Karon, Janet M. McNicholl, Sara J. Whitehead, Sarah Braunstein, Jullapong Achalapong, Supaporn Chaikummao, Jordan W. Tappero, Lauri Markowitz, and Peter H. Kilmarx
Horizons: Looking back, moving forward, Naomi Rutenberg and Deborah Weiss
Implementation of clinic-based modified-directly observed therapy (m-DOT) for ART: Experiences in Mombasa, Kenya, Paul Munyao, Stanley Luchters, Matthew F. Chersich, Susan Kaai, Scott Geibel, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Marleen Temmerman, Naomi Rutenberg, and Avina Sarna
Implementing programs for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-constrained settings: Horizon studies, 1999–2007, Carolyn Baek and Naomi Rutenberg
Improving the lives of vulnerable children: Implications of Horizons research among orphans and other children affected by AIDS, Katie D. Schenk, Annie P. Michaelis, Tobey Nelson Sapiano, Lisanne Brown, and Ellen Weiss
Inverse probability weighting in STI/HIV prevention research: Methods for evaluating social and community interventions, Sheri A. Lippman, Starley B. Shade, and Alan E. Hubbard
Looking back, moving forward: Access to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infected adults and children in developing countries: Horizons Studies, 2002 to 2008, Avina Sarna and Scott E. Kellerman
Looking back, moving forward: Implementing PMTCT programs in resource-constrained settings, Horizons studies 1999 to 2007, Carolyn Baek and Naomi Rutenberg
Looking back, moving forward: Improving the lives of orphans and other children affected by AIDS, Horizons studies 1998 to 2007, Katie D. Schenk, Annie P. Michaelis, Tobey C. Nelson, Lisanne Brown, and Ellen Weiss
Looking back, moving forward: Promoting gender equity to fight HIV, Horizons studies 1999 to 2007, Julie Pulerwitz, Annie P. Michaelis, and Ellen Weiss
Looking back, moving forward: Reducing HIV-related stigma, Horizons studies 2000 to 2007, Julie Pulerwitz, Annie P. Michaelis, Ellen Weiss, Lisanne Brown, and Vaishali Sharma Mahendra
Looking back, moving forward: Understanding the HIV risk and sexual health needs of men who have sex with men, Horizons studies 2001 to 2008, Scott Geibel, Waimar Tun, Placide Tapsoba, and Scott E. Kellerman
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Emergency Plan Progress (MEEPP): End-of-project evaluation, Sam Kalibala
Nonresponse in repeat population-based voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in rural Malawi, Francis Obare Onyango
PEPFAR special initiative on sexual and gender-based violence: Baseline report, Lynne Elson and Jill Keesbury
Perceived stigma among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: A prospective randomised trial comparing an m-DOT strategy with standard-of-care in Kenya, Susan Kaai, Sandra Bullock, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Naomi Rutenberg, Matthew F. Chersich, Stanley Luchters, Paul Munyao, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, and Marleen Temmerman
Prevention with positives: How do we reach them in the community?, Avina Sarna, Jerry Okal, Stanley Luchters, Nzioki King'ola, and Scott Geibel
Protecting hope: Situation analysis of vulnerable children in Uganda 2009, Sam Kalibala and Lynne Elson
RAPIDS evaluation final report 2005-2009 key findings, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, and Hena Khan
Reducing HIV-related stigma: Lessons learned from Horizons research and programs, Julie Pulerwitz, Annie P. Michaelis, Ellen Weiss, Lisanne Brown, and Vaishali Sharma Mahendra
Sexual health, marital sex, and sexual risk in urban poor communities in India, Martha J. Bojko, Stephen L. Schensul, Rajendra Singh, Joseph A. Burleson, Lwendo S. Moonzwe, and Niranjan Saggurti
"She's a professional like anyone else": Social identity among Brazilian sex workers, Laura R. Murray, Sheri A. Lippman, Angela Donini, and Deanna Kerrigan
Social-environmental factors and protective sexual behavior among sex workers: The Encontros intervention in Brazil, Sheri A. Lippman, Angela Donini, Juan Diaz, Magda Chinaglia, Arthur Reingold, and Deanna Kerrigan
The changing face of U.S. funding for HIV programs in resource-limited settings, Scott E. Kellerman
Submissions from 2009
Acceptability and use of the female condom and diaphragm among sex workers in Dominican Republic: Results from a prospective study, Diana K. Lara, Daniel Grossman, Jhoanne Muñoz, Santo Rosario, Bayardo Gómez, and Sandra G. García
Acceptance of repeat population-based voluntary counselling and testing for HIV in rural Malawi, Francis Obare Onyango, P. Fleming, P. Anglewicz, R. Thomton, F. Martinson, A. Kapatuka, M. Poulin, Susan Watkins, and Hans Peter Kohler
A longitudinal quality-of-life study of HIV-infected persons in South India: The case for comprehensive clinical care and support services, Suniti Solomon, Ashita Batavia, Kartik K. Venkatesh, Lisanne Brown, Praneeta Verma, Anitha J. Cecelia, Celine Daly, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, N. Kumarasamy, and Kenneth H. Mayer
Anal use of the female condom: Does uncertainty justify provider inaction?, Joanne E. Mantell, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Theresa M. Exner, Susie Hoffman, Zena A. Stein, and Sarah L. Needham Engebretsen
Changes in sexual risk taking with antiretroviral treatment: Influence of context and gender norms in Mombasa, Kenya, Avina Sarna, Matthew F. Chersich, Jerry Okoth Okal, Stanley Luchters, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Naomi Rutenberg, and Marleen Temmerman
Commercial sex workers in five Ethiopian cities: A baseline survey for USAID Targeted HIV Prevention Program for most-at-risk populations, Woldemariam Girma and Annabel Erulkar
Community interventions providing care and support to orphans and vulnerable children: A review of evaluation evidence, Katie D. Schenk
Comprehensive care and HIV prophylaxis after sexual assault in rural South Africa: The Refentse intervention study, Julia C. Kim, Ian Askew, Lufuno Muvhango, Ntabozuko Dwane, Tanya Abramsky, Stephen Jan, Ennica Ntlemo, Jane Chege, and Charlotte Watts
Engaging men who have sex with men in operations research in Kenya, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Harriet Birungi, and Scott Geibel
Evaluation of HIV counseling and testing in ANC settings and adherence to short course antiretroviral prophylaxis for PMTCT in Francistown, Botswana, Carolyn Baek, Tracy Creek, Lee Ann Jones, Louis Apicella, Jennifer Redner, and Naomi Rutenberg
Family centred approach for HIV services: Pilot study in South Africa, Meredith Sheehy, Nomtandazo Patricia Mini, Tonicah Maphanga, and Scott E. Kellerman
Final evaluation of the project for expanding the role of networks of people living with HIV/AIDS, Young-Mi Kim, John Lukwago, and Stella Neema
Formative evaluation: Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth, Netsayi N. Mudege and Chi-Chi Undie
Gender norms in South Africa: Implications for HIV and pregnancy prevention among African and Indian women students at a South African tertiary institution, Joanne E. Mantell, Sarah L. Needham Engebretsen, Jennifer Ann Smit, Susie Hoffman, Queen Cebekhulu, Jessica Adams-Skinner, Theresa M. Exner, Zonke Mabude, Mags Beksinska, Zena A. Stein, and Cecilia Milford
HIV testing, treatment and prevention: Generic tools for operational research, Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, Sarah Bott, Patrizia Carrieri, Michelle Parsons, Julie Pulerwitz, Naomi Rutenberg, and Avina Sarna
Hospice Africa Uganda: End-of-project evaluation of palliative care services, Annette Bongiovanni and Mary Alexis Greenan
"If you start thinking positively, you won't miss sex": Narratives of sexual (in)activity among people living with HIV in Nairobi's informal settlements, Chi-Chi Undie, Abdhalah Kasiira Ziraba, Nyovani Janet Madise, John Kebaso, and Elizabeth Kimani-Murage
Integrating quality postnatal care into PMTCT in Swaziland, Goldy Mazia, I. Narayanan, Charlotte E. Warren, Mohammed Mahdi, P. Chibuye, A. Walligo, P. Mabuza, Rachel Shongwe, and M. Hainsworth
Intimate partner violence functions as both a risk marker and risk factor for women's HIV infection: Findings from Indian husband-wife dyads, Michele R. Decker, George R. Seage, David Hemenway, Anita Raj, Niranjan Saggurti, Balaiah Donta, and Jay G. Silverman
Kenyan in-school youths' level of understanding of abstinence, being faithful, and consistent condom use terms: Implications for HIV-prevention programs, Tiffany Lillie, Julie Pulerwitz, and Barbara Curbow
Many vaginal microbicide trial participants acknowledged they had misreported sensitive sexual behavior in face-to-face interviews, Abigail Norris Turner, Alana de Kock, Amy Meehan-Ritter, Kelly Blanchard, Mohlatlego H. Sebola, Anwar Hoosen, Nicol Coetzee, and Charlotte Ellertson
Men who have sex with men and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, Adrian D. Smith, Placide Tapsoba, Norbert Peshu, Eduard J. Sanders, and Harold W. Jaffe
Migration, mobility and sexual risk behavior in Mumbai, India: Mobile men with non-residential wife show increased risk, Niranjan Saggurti, Stephen L. Schensul, and Ravi K. Verma
Multilevel perspectives on community intervention: An example from an Indo-US HIV prevention project in Mumbai, India, Stephen L. Schensul, Niranjan Saggurti, Rajendra Singh, Ravi K. Verma, Bonnie K. Nastasi, and Papiya Guha Mazumder
Pilot community-based intervention to address the needs of elderly caregivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, H. Mutumba Bilay-Boon, Eka Esu-Williams, and Hena Khan
Preventive service needs of young people perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda, Harriet Birungi, Francis Obare Onyango, John Frank Mugisha, Humphres Evelia, and Juliana K. Nyombi
Sexual behavior and desires among adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda: Implications for programming, Harriet Birungi, John Frank Mugisha, Francis Obare Onyango, and Juliana K. Nyombi
Sexual risk reduction among married women and men in urban India: An anthropological intervention, Stephen L. Schensul, Ravi K. Verma, Bonnie K. Nastasi, Niranjan Saggurti, and Abdelwahed Mekki-Berrada
Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya, Jerry Okal, Stanley Luchters, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Daniel Lango, and Marleen Temmerman
Technical assistance to the Uganda AIDS Commission for operationallisation of the performance monitoring and management plan, Frederick Makumbi, Roy Mayega, David Kisitu, Juliet Sekandi, Denis A. Bwesigye, Robert Miller, and Sam Kalibala
The AFFORD Health Marketing Initiative in Uganda: Mid-term evaluation, Oleksandr Rohozynsky, Christie Billingsley, and Annette Bongiovanni
The feasibility of integrating alcohol risk-reduction counseling into existing VCT services in Kenya, Caroline Mackenzie, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Rukia Yassin, Peter Shikuku, Patrick Angala, William Sinkele, Melania Akinyi, and Nduku Kilonzo
The impact of a community-based pilot health education intervention for older people as caregivers of orphaned and sick children as a result of HIV and AIDS in South Africa, Hermien Boon, Robert A.C. Ruiter, Shegs James, Bart van den Borne, Eka Esu-Williams, and Priscilla Reddy
The overlooked epidemic: Addressing HIV prevention and treatment among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa, National AIDS Control Council of Kenya and Population Council
Submissions from 2008
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants amongst HIV patients in India, Avina Sarna, Sanjay Pujari, A.K. Sengar, Rajiv Garg, Indrani Gupta, and Johannes van Dam
An assessment of the Positive Partnership Project in Thailand: Key considerations for scaling-up microcredit loans for HIV-positive and negative pairs in other settings, Mechai Viravaidya, R.C. Wolf, and Philip Guest
Assessment of risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the metropolitan area of Campinas City, Brazil, using respondent-driven sampling, Maeve de Mello, Adriana de Araujo Pinho, Magda Chinaglia, Waimar Tun, Aristides Barbosa Junior, Maria Cristina, F.J. Ilario, Paulo Reis, Regina C.S. Salles, Suzanne Westman, and Juan Diaz
Assessment of risk factors for HIV infection in female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, Magda Chinaglia, Waimar Tun, Maeve Mello, Magdalena Insfran, and Juan Diaz
Barriers to the community support of orphans and vulnerable youth in Rwanda, Tonya R. Thurman, Leslie Snider, Neil W. Boris, Edward Kalisa, Laetitia N. Nyirazinyoye, and Lisanne Brown
Caring for caregivers: An HIV/AIDS workplace intervention for hospital staff in Zambia—Evaluation results, Karusa Kiragu, Mutinta Nyumbu, Thabale J. Ngulube, Panganani Njobvu, Chilufya Mwaba, Arthur Kalimbwe, and Spike Bradford
Catalyzing personal and social change around gender, sexuality, and HIV: Impact evaluation of Puntos de Encuentro´s communication strategy in Nicaragua, Irela Solorzano, Amy Bank, Rodolfo Pena, Henry Espinoza, Mary Ellsberg, and Julie Pulerwitz
Circumstances and motivations for fostering children in Zambia, Katie D. Schenk, Lewis Ndhlovu, Stephen Tembo, Andson Nsune, Chozi Nkhata, Batuke Walusiku, and Charlotte Watts
Community development and HIV/STI-related vulnerability among female sex workers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Deanna Kerrigan, Paulo Telles, Helena Torres, Cheryl Overs, and Christopher Castle
Consentement éclairé dans les essais de prévention du VIH: Points saillants d'un atelier international, Population Council
Consentimento informado nos ensaios de prevenção do HIV: Pontos altos dum workshop internacional, Population Council
Consentimiento informado en ensayos de prevención del VIH: Aspectos destacados de un taller internacional, Population Council
'Dare to Be Different': Enhancing life skills education for HIV prevention in South African schools, Tobey Nelson Sapiano, Nathi Sohaba, and Eka Esu-Williams
Depressive symptoms in youth heads of household in Rwanda: Correlates and implications for intervention, Neil W. Boris, Lisanne A. Brown, Tonya R. Thurman, Janet C. Rice, Leslie M. Snider, Joseph Ntaganira, and Laetitia N. Nyirazinyoye
Desire for motherhood: Exploring HIV-positive women's desires, intentions and decision-making in attaining motherhood, S. Kanniappan, M.J. Jeyapaul, and Shvveta Kalyanwala
Differentiating normal from abnormal rates of genital epithelial findings in vaginal microbicide trials, Janneke van de Wijgert, Peter H. Kilmarx, Heidi E. Jones, John M. Karon, and Supaporn Chaikummao
Engaging communities in supporting HIV prevention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Zambia, Fiona Samuels, Joseph Simbaya, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Phillimon Ndubani, and Jolly Kamwanga
Exploring context and dynamics of homosexual experiences among rural youth in India, Ajay Kumar Singh, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, and Ravi K. Verma
Factors associated with self-reported unprotected anal sex among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya, Scott Geibel, Stanley Luchters, Nzioki King'ola, Eka Esu-Williams, Agnes Rinyiru, and Waimar Tun
Food on the table: The role of livelihood strategies in maintaining nutritional status among ART patients in Kenya and Zambia, Fiona Samuels, Naomi Rutenberg, Joseph Simbaya, Jerry Okal, Nicodemus Kisengese, Stanley Luchters, Susan Kaai, and Scott Geibel
Gender-related differences in quality of life domains of persons living with HIV/AIDS in South India in the era prior to greater access to antiretroviral therapy, Suniti Solomon, Kartik K. Venkatesh, Lisanne Brown, Praneeta Verma, Anitha J. Cecelia, Celine Daly, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, N. Cheng, N. Kumarasamy, and Kenneth H. Mayer
Helping youth prevent HIV: An evaluation of the Straight Talk program in Uganda, Susan E. Adamchak, Karusa Kiragu, Cathy Watson, Medard Muhwezi, Tobey Nelson Sapiano, Ann Akia-Fiedler, Richard Kibombo, and Milka Juma
HIV-related stigma, service utilization, and status disclosure among truck drivers crossing the Southern borders in Brazil, Julie Pulerwitz, Annie P. Michaelis, Sheri A. Lippman, Magda Chinaglia, and Juan Diaz
HIV risk behaviours among contracted and non-contracted male migrant workers in India: Potential role of labor contractors and contractual systems in HIV prevention, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Anrudh K. Jain, Saumya Ramarao, Anil K. Kumar, Anjaneyalu Subbiah, Hamini Reddy Modugu, Shiva S. Halli, and Shalini Bharat
HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: A meta-analysis, 1990–2005, Julie Denison, Kevin R. O'Reilly, George P. Schmid, Caitlin E. Kennedy, and Michael D. Sweat
Idhini fahamishi katika majaribio ya kikliniki ya ukingaji wa virusi vya ukimwi, Population Council
If you build it, will they come? Kenya healthy start pediatric HIV study: A diagnostic study investigating barriers to HIV treatment and care among children, Karusa Kiragu, Katie D. Schenk, Julie Murugi, and Avina Sarna
Improving hospital-based quality of care in Vietnam by reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, Khuat Thi Hai Oanh, Kim Ashburn, Julie Pulerwitz, Jessica Ogden, and Laura Nyblade
Imvume unolwazi ocwaningweni lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, Population Council
Informed consent in HIV prevention trials: Highlights from an international workshop, Population Council
Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian women, Jay G. Silverman, Michele R. Decker, Niranjan Saggurti, Donta Balaiah, and Anita Raj
Involving young people in the care and support of people living with HIV in Zambia: An evaluation of program sustainability, Eka Esu-Williams, Catherine Searle, and Anderson Zulu
Is it feasible to integrate alcohol-related risk reduction counseling into VCT services? Findings from Kenya, Caroline Mackenzie, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Rukia Yassin, Peter Shikuku, Patrick Angala, Nduku Kilonzo, William Sinkele, and Melania Akinyi
Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM scale, Julie Pulerwitz and Gary Barker
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Andhra Pradesh 2007-08, Niranjan Saggurti, Anrudh K. Jain, Saumya RamaRao, Hanimi Reddy Modugu, Ajay Kumar Singh, Suvakanta N. Swain, and Ravi K. Verma
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Karnataka 2007-08, Shiva S. Halli, Raluca Buzdugan, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Stephen Moses, James Blanchard, Anrudh K. Jain, Saumya RamaRao, Ajay Kumar Singh, and Suvakanta N. Swain
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Maharashtra 2007-08, K. Anil Kumar, Shalini Bharat, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Anrudh K. Jain, Saumya RamaRao, Kanchan Mukherjee, Ajay Kumar Singh, and Suvakanta N. Swain
Migration/mobility and vulnerability to HIV among male migrant workers: Tamil Nadu 2007-08, Anjaneyalu Subbiah, S. Ramachandran, A.K. Ravi Shankar, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Anrudh K. Jain, Saumya RamaRao, Suvakanta N. Swain, and Ajay Kumar Singh
Moving forward: Tackling stigma in a Tanzanian community, Laura Nyblade, Kerry MacQuarrie, Gideon Kwesigabo, Aparna Jain, Lusajo Kajula, Fausta Philip, William Henerico Tibesigwa, and Jessie K. Mbwambo
No increase in cervicovaginal proinflammatory cytokines after Carraguard use in a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, Liesbeth J.M. Bollen, Kelly Blanchard, Peter H. Kilmarx, Supaporn Chaikummao, Cathy Connolly, Punneporn Wasinrapee, Nucharee Srivirojana, Jullapong Achalapong, Jordan W. Tappero, and Janet M. McNicholl
Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Karnataka, India, Niranjan Saggurti, Ravi K. Verma, Pranita Achyut, Saumya RamaRao, and Anrudh K. Jain