The Population Council tackles intersecting inequalities that undermine rights and access to contraception, HIV and STI prevention, maternal and newborn health, safe abortion, prevention and treatment of infertility, and sexuality education, among other sexual and reproductive health needs. Our research and partnerships ensure high quality, evidence-based, voluntary, and rights-based comprehensive care for sexual and reproductive health.

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Submissions from 2021

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Measuring client trust in community health workers: A multi-country validation study, Pooja Sripad, Tracy McClair, Alain Casseus, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Timothy Abuya, and Ann Gottert

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Measuring quality of care at the community level using the contraceptive method information index plus and client reported experience metrics in Bangladesh, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Pooja Sripad, Brady Zieman, Shongkour Roy, Sarah Kennedy, Md. Irfan Hossain, and Benjamin Bellows

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Meeting family planning needs of factory workers in Port Said: Lessons from pilot testing an intervention in eight garment factories, Maryam Essam, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Elizabeth Tobey, and Aparna Jain

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Meeting family planning needs of factory workers in Port Said: Lessons from pilot testing an intervention in eight garment factories [Arabic], Maryam Essam, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Elizabeth Tobey, and Aparna Jain

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Meeting the family planning and reproductive health needs of factory workers, Evidence Project

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Metabolic syndrome following hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in a low-resource setting: A cohort study, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Karima Tunau, Oboirien A. Khadijat, Innocent Agbo, Lawal Oyeneyin, Jamilu Tukur, Joyce L. Browne, Gbenga A. Kayode, Azubuike K. Onyebuchi, Lamaran M. Dattijo, Baffah M. Aminu, Olorunfemi O. Owa, Patience O. Odusolu, Charlotte E. Warren, Hanifah D. Abubakar, Abdulkarim Musa, Arie Franx, and Diederick E. Grobbee

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Method-specific beliefs and subsequent contraceptive method choice: Results from a longitudinal study in urban and rural Kenya, George Odwe, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Francis Obare Onyango, Kazuyo Machiyama, and John C. Cleland

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Mitigating the COVID-19 challenges to HIV prevention efforts in Africa: A socio-behavioral perspective, Julie Pulerwitz, Harsha Thirumurthy, Elizabeth E. Tolley, and Ariane van der Straten

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Monitoring and tracking key indicators in the implementation areas of the Malawi One Community Programme, Paul C. Hewett, Kathryn Spielman, Adamson Muula, Lyson Tenthani, and Erica Soler-Hampejsek

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Monitoring the quality assurance branding campaign Confiance Totale in Côte d’Ivoire, Martha Silva, Edan Komlan, and Leanne Dougherty

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Motor proteins and spermatogenesis, Siwen Wu, Huitao Li, Lingling Wang, Nathan Mak, Xiaolong Wu, Renshan Ge, Fei Sun, and C. Yan Cheng

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Multilevel and multifactorial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and improve ART adherence and related factors among HIV positive men in Mumbai, India, Stephen L. Schensul, Toan Ha, Jean J. Schensul, James Grady, Joseph A. Burleson, Sushma S. Gaikwad, Kavita Joshi, Rupal Malye, and Avina Sarna

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Muslim men's perceptions and attitudes on family planning: A qualitative study in Wajir and Lamu counties in Kenya, Batula Abdi, Jerry Okal, Gamal I. Serour, and Marleen Temmerman

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National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches, Chris Guure, Samuel Dery, Waimar Tun, Sharon Weir, Silas Quaye, Augustine Ankomah, and Kwasi Torpey

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Ndikoyenela kuti amayi onse akhale ndi owayang’anira amene iwo asankha okha panthawi ya matenda,pobereka,komaso nthawi imene mwana wagobadwa kumene, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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Not all women who experience side effects discontinue their contraceptive method: Insights from a longitudinal study in India, Aparna Jain, Sara Chace Dwyer, Arupendra Mozumdar, and Elizabeth Tobey

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Operationalized indicators: Integrating community health worker and client views to assess community health systems, Frontline Health Project

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Optimizing delivery of HIV testing services to strengthen the continuum of care, Project SOAR

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Optimizing maternal and child health outcomes through use of multidisciplinary 'IMPROVE' teams in Lesotho, Appolinaire Tiam, Vincent Tukei, Lauren Greenberg, Shannon Viana, Heather Hoffman, Laura Guay, Ramatlapeng Thabelo, Tsietso Mots'oane, and Matsepeli Nchephe

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Optimizing maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes through use of multidisciplinary 'IMPROVE' teams in Lesotho: Costing component, Adebiyi Adesina, Rachael Linder, and Lori Bollinger

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Optimizing provision of rights-based family planning services by community midwives (CMWs) in Tando Allah Yar, Iram Kamran, Rehan M. Niazi, Ramsha Hasham, and Haider Safdar Abbasi

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Overview: Literature review of linkage, adherence, and retention interventions for seropositive children and young people in Africa, Project SOAR

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Parent’s emotional wellness: Reduce distress, emotional support, and partnership (DEP) guide for supporting parents during a young child’s illness, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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Patent: System for providing birth control, Bruce Variano

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Pathways to service access for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in rural Bangladesh: Exploring women's care-seeking, Amy Dempsey, Pooja Sripad, Kanij Sultana, Karen Kirk, Sharif M.I. Hossain, and Charlotte E. Warren

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Patterns of financial incentives in primary healthcare settings in Nigeria: Implications for the productivity of frontline health workers, Ekechi Okereke, George I. Eluwa, Akinwumi Akinola, Ibrahim Suleiman, Godwin Unumeri, and Sylvia Adebajo

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Perceptions of community pharmacists, patent and proprietary medicine vendors, and their clients regarding quality of family planning services: The IntegratE Project, The IntegratE Project

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Perceptions of Ghanaian traditional health practitioners, primary health care workers, service users and caregivers regarding collaboration for mental health care, Solomon Nyame, Edward Adiibokah, Yasmin Mohammed, Victor C. Doku, Caleb Othieno, Benjamin Harris, Oye Gureje, Seedat Soraya, and John Appiah-Poku

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Persistent hypertension up to one year postpartum among women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in a low-resource setting: A prospective cohort study, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Jamilu Tukur, Innocent Agbo, Gbenga A. Kayode, Lamaran M. Dattijo, Lawal Oyeneyin, Charlotte E. Warren, Olorunfemi O. Owa, Hanifah D. Abubakar, Karima Tunau, Patience O. Odusolu, Abdulkarim Musa, Azubuike K. Onyebuchi, Baffah M. Aminu, Arie Franx, Diederick E. Grobbee, and Joyce L. Browne

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Perspectives of adolescent girls and young women on optimizing youth-friendly HIV and sexual and reproductive health care in Zambia, Patrick Edwards, Sarah Roberts, Nachela Chelwa, Lyson Phiri, Laura Nyblade, Drosin Mulenga, Caila Brander, Maurice Musheke, Michael Mbizvo, and Sujha Subramanian

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Perspectives of policymakers on the introduction and scale-up of HIV self-testing and implication for national HIV programming in Ghana, Henry Nagai, Henry Tagoe, Waimar Tun, Edward Adiibokah, Augustine Ankomah, Yussif Ahmed Abdul Rahman, Stephen Ayisi Addo, Stephen Kyeremeh Atuahene, Emmanuel Essandoh, and Mark Kowalski

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Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a copper intrauterine contraceptive system releasing ulipristal acetate: A randomized proof-of-concept study, Vivian Brache, Carolina Sales Vieira, Marlena Gehret Plagianos, Maud Lansiaux, Ruth Merkatz, Heather Sussman, Leila Cochon, Ana-Sofia Tejada, Narender Kumar, Dan Loeven, Diana Blithe, Abi Santhosh Aprem, Alistair Williams, Athilakshmi Kannan, Indrani C. Bagchi, and Régine Sitruk-Ware

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Photobook: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account, Presidential Policy and Strategy Unit (PASU), Sahihi Africa, and Population Council Kenya

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Plurality of beliefs about female genital mutilation amidst decades of intervention programming in Narok and Kisii Counties, Kenya, Dennis Matanda, Caroline W. Kabiru, Chantalle Okondo, and Bettina Shell-Duncan

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Potential of organizing unmarried adolescent girls and young women into self-help groups for a better transition to adulthood: Findings from a cross-sectional study in India, Jaleel Ahmad, Avishek Hazra, Kumudha Aruldas, Arima Singh, and Niranjan Saggurti

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Preferred incentives for improving community health worker satisfaction and retention in Bangladesh, Frontline Health Project and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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Preferred incentives for improving Ugandan community health worker job satisfaction and retention, Frontline Health Project

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Prevalence and associates of natural menopause and surgical menopause among Indian women aged 30 to 49 years: An analysis of the National Family Health Survey, Arupendra Mozumdar

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Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Nigeria: A cohort study, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Timothy Olusegun Olanrewaju, Joyce L. Browne, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Gbenga A. Kayode, Arie Franx, Diederick E. Grobbee, and Charlotte E. Warren

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Prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations in Indian children and adolescents: Findings from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18, Raghu Pullakhandam, Praween Kumar Agrawal, Rajini Peter, Santu Ghosh, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, Bharati Kulkarni, Tinku Thomas, Anura V. Kurpad, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Akash Porwal, Nizamuddin Khan, Sowmya Ramesh, Rajib Acharya, Avina Sarna, Umesh Kapil, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Arjan De Wagt, Sila Deb, and Robert Johnston

Programs increasing access to IUDs and IUSs in the USA and in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC), Anna Hazelwood, Ricky Lu, Tessa Madden, Anita Makins, Susan Ontiri, Caitlin Quade, Kate Rademacher, James Sailer, and Tabitha Sripipatana

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Project YES! Youth Engaging for Success: A randomized controlled trial testing a peer mentoring approach among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults in Ndola, Zambia, Julie Denison, Virginia M. Burke, Sam Miti, Bareng A.S. Nonyane, Christiana Frimpong, Katherine G. Merrill, Elizabeth A. Abrams, and Jonathan Kaunda Mwansa

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Providers’ emotional wellness: A, B, Cs of provider self-care when working with sick children and their families, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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Providing family planning and reproductive health services in factory settings: Lessons from Port Said, Egypt, Nesrine Salama, Maryam Essam, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, and Elizabeth Tobey

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Putting data at the centre to end FGM: Ruminations during the 16 Days of Activism, Tamsin Bradley, Chi-Chi Undie, Esther Lwanga Walgwe, and Jane Meme

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Qualitative study on the acceptability of and adherence to a vaginal ring for HIV prophylaxis among adolescent girls, Zoe Baker, Marjan Javanbakht, Janell Moore, Hannah Brosnan, Kathleen Squires, Katherine Bunge, Gregory Zimet, Barbara Mensch, Lydia Soto-Torres, Bill Kapogiannis, Lisa Levy, Craig Hoesley, Daniel Reirden, Aditya Gaur, Kenneth H. Mayer, Donna Futterman, and Pamina M. Gorbach

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Reaching women at work with health programming in Bangladesh: Results of difference-in-differences analysis among female factory workers, Sara Chace Dwyer, Md. Irfan Hossain, Ashish Bajracharya, and Aparna Jain

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Reducing HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women and their male partners: Learnings from the DREAMS Partnership, Julie Pulerwitz, Ann Gottert, Jerry Okal, and Sanyukta Mathur

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Reducing HIV risk for men and male partners of adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini: Learnings from the DREAMS Partnership, Ann Gottert

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Relationship dynamics and anticipated stigma: Key considerations for PrEP use among Tanzanian adolescent girls and young women and male partners, Nrupa Jani, Sanyukta Mathur, Catherine Kahabuka, Neema Makyao, and Nanlesta Pilgrim

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Replication Data for: Active pediatric HIV case finding in Kenya and Uganda: A look at missed opportunities along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) cascade, Michelle Gill, Heather Hoffman, and Laura Guay

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Research in forced displacement: Guidance for a feminist and decolonial approach, Neha S. Singh, Michelle Lokot, Chi-Chi Undie, Monica A. Onyango, Rosemary Morgan, Anne Harmer, Jane Freedman, and Shirin Heidari

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Research within international non-governmental organisation programmes in low and middle-income countries: Challenges amid opportunities, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Maria van der Harst, Charlotte E. Warren, Arie Franx, Gbenga A. Kayode, Diederick E. Grobbee, and Joyce L. Browne

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Resources for examining the costs and cost-effectiveness of social and behavior change interventions for health—Slide deck, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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Sexual and reproductive healthcare for migrant women: A mapping of civil society actors in Mexico, Silvana Larrea-Schiavon, Lucía Vázquez Quesada, Esperanza Basurto-Alcalde, Natalia Polgovsky, Isabel Vieitez Martínez, and Pooja Sripad

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Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and service uptake barriers among Zambian in-school adolescents: A mixed methods study, Edith S. Namukonda, Joseph G. Rosen, Melody N. Simataa, Mwelwa Chibuye, Michael Mbizvo, and Chabu Kangale

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Shifting gender norms to improve HIV service uptake: Qualitative findings from a large-scale community mobilization intervention in rural South Africa, Anna M. Leddy, Ann Gottert, Nicole Haberland, Jennifer Hove, Rebecca West, Audrey Pettifor, Sheri A. Lippman, Kathleen Kahn, Rhandzekile Mathebula, Dumisani Rebombo, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Rhian Twine, Dean Peacock, and Julie Pulerwitz

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Simple tools to reduce preventable deaths during childbirth, Madeline Kau and Sara V. Flanagan

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Socio-economic inequality in anthropometric failure among children aged under 5 years in India: Evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18, Akash Porwal, Rajib Acharya, Sana Ashraf, Praween Kumar Agrawal, Sowmya Ramesh, Nizamuddin Khan, Avina Sarna, and Robert Johnston

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Socioeconomic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding behavior and ideation factors for social behavioral change in three north-western Nigerian states: A cross-sectional study, Dele Abegunde, Paul Hutchinson, Udochisom Anaba, Foyeke Oyedokun-Adebagbo, Emily White Johansson, Bamikale J. Feyisetan, and Emma Mtiro

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Spatial heterogeneity in discontinuation of modern spacing method in districts of India, Soumya Ranjan Nayak, Sanjay Kumar Mohanty, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, and Umakanta Sahoo

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Strengthening social and behavior change measurement in the RISE II Program, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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Strength in diversity: Integrating community in primary health care to advance universal health coverage, Charlotte E. Warren, Benjamin Bellows, Rachel Marcus, Jordan Downey, Sarah Kennedy, and Nazo Kureshy

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Surgo Venture’s CUBES Framework: Understanding drivers of behavior to develop a tailored approach to social and behavior change, Rahul Joseph, Hannah Kemp, Mokshada Jain, Daisy Chung, Peter Smittenaar, Sanyukta Mathur, Elizabeth Tobey, Krista Granger, Rachel Yavinsky, and Marissa Pine Yeakey

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The Client Empowerment in Community Health Systems Scale: Development and validation in three countries, Tracy McClair, Pooja Sripad, Alain Casseus, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Timothy Abuya, and Ann Gottert

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The effects of a single freeze-thaw cycle on concentrations of nutritional, noncommunicable disease, and inflammatory biomarkers in serum samples, Ransi Abraham, Garima Rana, Praween Kumar Agrawal, Robert Johnston, Avina Sarna, Sowmya Ramesh, Rajib Acharya, Nizamuddin Khan, Akash Porwal, Sucheta Banerjee Kurundkar, Arvind Pandey, Raghu Pullakhandam, K. Madhavan Nair, Geeta Trilok Kumar, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Umesh Kapil, Sila Deb, Arjan De Wagt, Ajay Khera, and Lakshmy Ramakrishnan

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The impact of natural disasters and epidemics on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries: A narrative synthesis, Samantha Loewen, Jessie Pinchoff, Thoai Ngo, and Michelle J. Hindin

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The intersection of power and gender: Examining the relationship of empowerment and gender-unequal norms among young adolescents in Kinshasa, DRC, Linnea Zimmerman, Leah R. Koenig, Julie Pulerwitz, Patrick Kayembe, Matilde Maddeleno, and Caroline Moreau

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The knowledge of danger signs of obstetric complications among women in rural India: Evaluating an integrated microfinance and health literacy program, Danish Ahmad, Itismita Mohanty, Avishek Hazra, and Theo Niyonsenga

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The potential of self-managed abortion to expand abortion access in humanitarian contexts, Ruvani Jayaweera, Bill Powell, Caitlin Gerdts, Jessica Kakesa, Ramatou Ouedraogo, Uwezo Ramazani, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Erin Wheeler, and Tamara Fetters

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The power and process of shifting gender norms: Insights from a randomized controlled trial in South Africa, Nicole Haberland, Julie Pulerwitz, Ann Gottert, Audrey Pettifor, Sheri A. Lippman, Dean Peacock, Lumbwe Chola, Ryan Wagner, Anna M. Leddy, Rebecca West, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Jennifer Hove, Rhian Twine, Rhandzekile Mathebula, Dumisani Rebombo, Angelica Pino, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, Nkosinathi Masilela, Aimée Julien, Kathryn Spielman, and Kathleen Kahn

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The Promise of the Dual Prevention Pill, Sanyukta Mathur

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The promise of the dual prevention pill: A framework for development and introduction, Barbara Friedland, Sanyukta Mathur, and Lisa Haddad

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The role of unintended pregnancy in internalized stigma among women living with HIV in Kenya, Sara Chace Dwyer, Aparna Jain, Wilson Liambila, and Charlotte E. Warren

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The validity of women's reports of family planning service quality in Cambodia and Kenya, Ann K. Blanc, Katharine McCarthy, Charlotte E. Warren, Ashish Bajracharya, and Benjamin Bellows

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Time to go further: On coaxing SRHR in migration research out of its comfort zone, Chi-Chi Undie

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Time to take critical race theory seriously: Moving beyond a colour-blind gender lens in global health, Eileen Yam, Martha Silva, Malini Ranganathan, Jamila White, Tonija M. Hope, and Chandra L. Ford

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Translating Evidence Into Impact: Research and Analyses for Scientific Transformation and Advancement (RASTA), Population Council

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Treading the thin line: Pharmacy workers' perspectives on medication abortion provision in Lusaka, Zambia, Katharine Footman, Nachela Chelwa, Megan Douthwaite, James Mdala, Drosin Mulenga, Caila Brander, and Kathryn Church

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Understanding community health volunteer incentive preferences in Kenya, Frontline Health Project and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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Understanding community health worker incentive preferences in Uganda using a discrete choice experiment, Smisha Agarwal, Timothy Abuya, Richard Kintu, Daniel Mwanga, Melvin Obadha, Shivani Pandya, and Charlotte E. Warren

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Understanding consumer preference for the one-year contraceptive vaginal ring in Kenya and Nigeria, Moushira El-Sahn, Jeff Lucas, Emma Goldwin, and Saumya RamaRao

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Understanding family planning outcomes in northwestern Nigeria: Analysis and modeling of social and behavior change factors, Paul Hutchinson, Udochisom Anaba, Dele Abegunde, Mathew Okoh, Paul C. Hewett, and Emily White Johansson

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Understanding Hesitancy for Childhood Vaccines in Nigeria—It’s Not Just About COVID-19, Udochisom Anaba and Marissa Pine Yeakey

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Understanding the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, peer-violence perpetration, and gender norms among very young adolescents in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study, Astha Ramaiya, Ifta Choiriyyah, Lori L. Heise, Julie Pulerwitz, Robert Wm. Blum, Ruti G. Levtov, Rebecka Lundgren, Lisa Richardson, and Caroline Moreau

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Urban family planning in low- and middle-income countries: A critical scoping review, James Duminy, John C. Cleland, Trudy Harpham, Mark R. Montgomery, Susan Parnell, and Ilene Speizer

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USAID Tulonge Afya’s NAWEZA Platform—Building Evidence to Inform Practice for Integrated Social and Behavior Change Programming, Sanyukta Mathur, Krista Granger, Kamden Hoffmann, Rachel Yavinsky, and Marissa Pine Yeakey

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Using evidence to advocate for the professional growth of community health workers in Bangladesh, Frontline Health Project

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Using social listening to inform integrated social and behavior change programs in Burkina Faso, Nrupa Jani, Leanne Dougherty, and Martha Silva

Using the Gender and Power Metrics Database—A Research Skills Workshop, Leah Jarvis, Katey Peck, and Elizabeth Tobey

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Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and BMI percentiles in children aged 5 to 19 years in India: A population-based study, Avina Sarna, Akash Porwal, Rajib Acharya, Sana Ashraf, Sowmya Ramesh, Nizamuddin Khan, Sikha Sinha, and Harshpal Singh Sachdev

Webinar—Applying Global Goods: Community Health Guidelines, Measurement and Planning Tools, Population Council and Frontline Health Project

Webinar: Community health measurement, learning, policy and practice, Frontline Health Project

Webinar—Resources for examining the costs and cost-effectiveness of SBC interventions for health, Breakthrough RESEARCH

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We need more than information to address stigma—Podcast interview with Julie Pulerwitz, Julie Pulerwitz and Carmen Logie

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What are we learning about HIV testing in informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa? Results from a randomized controlled trial, Stephanie Psaki, Julie Pulerwitz, Brady Zieman, Paul C. Hewett, and Mags Beksinska

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What predicts the early sexual debut among unmarried adolescents (10–19 years)? Evidence from UDAYA survey, 2015–16, T. Muhammad, Shobhit Srivastava, Pradeep Kumar, and Sangram Kishor Patel

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Why women do not use contraceptives: Exploring the role of male out-migration, Saradiya Mukherjee, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, and Niranjan Saggurti

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Women's perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on access and use of private sector family planning services in Nigeria: The IntegratE Project, The IntegratE Project

Workplace health program intervention in Port Said, Egypt, The Evidence Project