The Population Council’s Center for Biomedical Research (CBR) is a vibrant hub of scientific investigation and product development. Our scientists address critical questions in reproductive health and develop innovative products that protect the health and well-being of millions of people worldwide.
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Submissions from 2008
Reassessing reconstruction in the management of obstructive azoospermia: Reconstruction or sperm acquisition?, Richard Lee, Philip S. Li, Peter N. Schlegel, and Marc Goldstein
Resolution of de novo HIV production and trafficking in immature dendritic cells, Stuart G. Turville, Meropi Aravantinou, Hella Stoessel, Nikolaus Romani, and Melissa Robbiani
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-1, SUMO-2/3 and SUMOylation are involved with centromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 9 and 1 and proteins of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis in men, Petrice W. Brown, KeumSil Hwang, Peter N. Schlegel, and Patricia L. Morris
Sphingomyelin synthases and testicular function, Nikki P.Y. Lee, Elissa W.P. Wong, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
"Unlocking" the blood-testis barrier and the ectoplasmic specialization by cytokines during spermatogenesis: Emerging targets for male contraception, Michelle W.M. Li, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
Submissions from 2007
7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) vs testosterone in combination with etonogestrel implants for spermatogenic suppression in healthy men, Melanie J. Walton, Narender Kumar, David T. Baird, Helen Ludlow, and Richard A. Anderson
Acceptability of Carraguard, a candidate microbicide and methyl cellulose placebo vaginal gels among HIV-positive women and men in Durban, South Africa, Gita Ramjee, Neetha S. Morar, Sarah Braunstein, Barbara Friedland, Heidi E. Jones, and Janneke van de Wijgert
An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal System® for delivery of the progestogen Nestorone® as a possible future contraceptive, Ian S. Fraser, Edith Weisberg, Narender Kumar, Sushma Kumar, Andrew J. Humberstone, Louise McCrossin, Deborah Shaw, Yun-yen Tsong, and Régine Sitruk-Ware
A seamless trespass: Germ cell migration across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis, Claire Q.F. Wang and C. Yan Cheng
Biphasic effects of postnatal exposure to diethylhexylphthalate on the timing of puberty in male rats, Renshan Ge, Guo-Rong Chen, Qiang Dong, Benson T. Akingbemi, Chantal M. Sottas, Michelle Santos, Stuart C. Sealfon, Daniel J. Bernard, and Matthew P. Hardy
Carrageenan/MIV-150 (PC-815), a combination microbicide, José Fernández-Romero, Mitchell Thorn, Stuart G. Turville, Kanani Titchen, Kristin M. Sudol, Jifan Li, Todd Miller, Melissa Robbiani, Robin A. Maguire, Robert W. Buckheit Jr., Tracy L. Hartman, and David M. Phillips
Cellular localization of sphingomyelin synthase 2 in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes, Nikki P.Y. Lee, Dolores D. Mruk, Weiliang Xia, and C. Yan Cheng
Comparison of the impact of vaginal and oral administration of combined hormonal contraceptives on hepatic proteins sensitive to estrogen, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Joel Menard, Mandana Rad, Jacobus Burggraaf, Marieke L. de Kam, Barbara A. Tokay, Irving Sivin, and Cornelis Kluft
Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a product of Sertoli and germ cells in rat testes which is localized at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface, Claire Q.F. Wang, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
C-type natriuretic peptide regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics in adult rat testes, Weiliang Xia, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
Current concepts of HIV transmission, Gavin Morrow, Laurence Vachot, Panagiotis Vagenas, and Melissa Robbiani
Determining the feasibility of utilizing the microbicide applicator compliance assay for use in clinical trials, Andrea R. Wallace, Aaron Teitelbaum, Livia Wan, Maria Gloria Mulima, Laura Guichard, Stephanie Skoler, Hlengiwe Vilakazi, Fridda S. Mapula, Jasmine Rossier, Sumentheran N. Govender, Pekka Lahteenmaki, Robin A. Maguire, and David M. Phillips
Development of a cryopreservation protocol for Leydig cells, Guo-Rong Chen, Renshan Ge, Han Lin, Lei Dong, Chantal M. Sottas, and Matthew P. Hardy
Ectoplasmic specialization: A friend or a foe of spermatogenesis?, Helen H.N. Yan, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Effect of a single vaginal administration of levonorgestrel in Carraguard® gel on the ovulatory process: A potential candidate for "dual protection" emergency contraception, Vivian Brache, Horacio B. Croxatto, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Robin A. Maguire, Juan Carlos Montero, Narender Kumar, Ana Maria Salvatierra, Ana Sofia Tejada, Leila Cochon, María Luisa Forcelledo, Pekka Lahteenmaki, Francisco Alvarez, and Anibal Faundes
Effects of estradiol with oral or intravaginal progesterone on risk markers for breast cancer in a postmenopausal monkey model, Charles E. Wood, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Yun-yen Tsong, Thomas C. Register, Cynthia J. Lees, and J. Mark Cline
Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing IUS and progesterone receptor modulator PRM CDB-2914 on uterine leiomyomas, Takeshi Maruo, Noriyuki Ohara, Hiroya Matsuo, Qin Xu, Wei Chen, Régine Sitruk-Ware, and Elof D.B. Johansson
Effects of oral and transvaginal ethinyl estradiol on hemostatic factors and hepatic proteins in a randomized, crossover study, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Genevieve Plu-Bureau, Joel Menard, Jacqueline Conard, Sushma Kumar, Jean-Christophe Thalabard, Barbara A. Tokay, and Philippe Bouchard
Gene expression during development of fetal and adult Leydig cells, Lei Dong, Scott A. Jelinsky, Joshua N. Finger, Daniel S. Johnston, Gregory S. Kopf, Chantal M. Sottas, Matthew P. Hardy, and Renshan Ge
GM1 dynamics as a marker for membrane changes associated with the process of capacitation in murine and bovine spermatozoa, Vimal Selvaraj, Danielle E. Buttke, Atsushi Asano, John L. McElwee, Collin A. Wolff, Jacquelyn L. Nelson, Angela V. Klaus, Gary R. Hunnicutt, and Alexander J. Travis
Hormone therapy effects on social behavior and activity levels of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys, Carol A. Shively, Charles E. Wood, Thomas C. Register, Stephanie L. Willard, Cynthia J. Lees, Haiying Chen, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Yun-yen Tsong, and J. Mark Cline
Junction restructuring and spermatogenesis: The biology, regulation, and implication in male contraceptive development, Helen H.N. Yan, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
New hormonal therapies and regimens in the postmenopause: Routes of administration and timing of initiation, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Pharmacokinetic study to compare the absorption and tolerability of two doses of levonorgestrel following single vaginal administration of levonorgestrel in Carraguard® gel: A new formulation for "dual protection" contraception, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Vivian Brache, Robin A. Maguire, Horacio B. Croxatto, Narender Kumar, Sushma Kumar, Juan Carlos Montero, Ana Maria Salvatierra, David M. Phillips, and Anibal Faundes
Phthalate ester toxicity in Leydig cells: Developmental timing and dosage considerations, Renshan Ge, Guo-Rong Chen, Cigdem Tanrikut, and Matthew P. Hardy
Preclinical and clinical properties of trimegestone: A potent and selective progestin, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Ronald Bossemeyer, and Phillipe Bouchard
Rab4A GTPase-catenin interactions are involved in cell junction dynamics in the testis, Dolores D. Mruk, Ann S.N. Lau, Oli Sarkar, and Weiliang Xia
Regulation of cell junction dynamics by cytokines in the testis—A molecular and biochemical perspective, Wing Yee Lui and C. Yan Cheng
Routes of delivery for progesterone and progestins, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Special issue on intrauterine devices and systems, Régine Sitruk-Ware and Peter J. Donaldson
Targeted and reversible disruption of the blood-testis barrier by an FSH mutant-occludin peptide conjugate, Ching-hang Wong, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Testosterone production in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is sensitive to restraint stress, Ben-Avi Weissman, Chantal M. Sottas, Ping Zhou, Costantino Iadecola, and Matthew P. Hardy
The levonorgestrel intrauterine system for use in peri- and postmenopausal women, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Unraveling the molecular targets pertinent to junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis using the Adjudin-induced germ cell depletion model, Weiliang Xia, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Utility and drawbacks of continuous use of a copper T IUD for 20 years, Irving Sivin
Submissions from 2006
Adjudin-mediated junction restructuring in the seminiferous epithelium leads to displacement of soluble guanylate cyclase from adherens junctions, Oli Sarkar, Weiliang Xia, and Dolores D. Mruk
A male contraceptive targeting germ cell adhesion, Dolores D. Mruk, Ching-hang Wong, Bruno Silvestrini, and C. Yan Cheng
A multistep kinase-based Sertoli cell autocrine-amplifying loop regulates prostaglandins, their receptors, and cytokines, Tomomoto Ishikawa and Patricia L. Morris
A novel class of small RNAs bind to MILI protein in mouse testes, Alexei Aravin, Dimos Gaidatzis, Sebastien Pfeffer, Mariana Lagos-Quintana, Pablo Landgraf, Nicola Iovino, Patricia L. Morris, Michael J. Brownstein, Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Toru Nakano, Minchen Chien, James J. Russo, Jingyue Ju, Robert Sheridan, Chris Sander, Mihaela Zavolan, and Thomas Tuschl
A novel pathway involving progesterone receptor, endothelin-2, and endothelin receptor B controls ovulation in mice, Gopinath S. Palanisamy, Yong-Pil Cheon, Jaeyeon Kim, Athilakshmi Kannan, Quanxi Li, Marcey Sato, Srinivasa R. Mantena, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Milan K. Bagchi, and Indrani C. Bagchi
Comparative effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring delivering a nonandrogenic progestin and continuous ethinyl estradiol and a combined oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel on hemostasis variables, Mandana Rad, Cornelis Kluft, Joel Ménard, Jacobus Burggraaf, Marieke L. de Kam, Piet Meijer, Irving Sivin, and Régine Sitruk-Ware
Contraception: An international perspective, Régine Sitruk-Ware
CpG-C ISS-ODN activation of blood-derived B cells from healthy and chronic immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques, Natalia Teleshova, Jessica Kenney, Vennansha G. Williams, Gary Van Nest, Jason Marshall, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Irving Sivin, Jason Dufour, Rudolf Bohm, Agegnehu Gettie, and Melissa Robbiani
Cyclical mastalgia and breast cancer risk: Results of a French cohort study, Genevieve Plu-Bureau, Monique G. Lê, Régine Sitruk-Ware, and Jean-Christophe Thalabard
Day of Dialogue on Public Sector Pricing of Pharmaceutical Products, Population Council
Dendritic cells and HIV infection: Activating dendritic cells to boost immunity, Natalia Teleshova, Jessica Kenney, and Melissa Robbiani
Differential interactions between transforming growth factor-β3/ TβR1, TAB1, and CD2AP disrupt blood-testis barrier and sertoli-germ cell adhesion, Weiliang Xia, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Dynamic II interacts with the cadherin- and occludin-based protein complexes at the blood-testis barrier in adult rat testes, Pearl P.Y. Lie, Weiliang Xia, Claire Q.F. Wang, Dolores D. Mruk, Helen H.N. Yan, Ching-hang Wong, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
In search of rat stem Leydig cells: Identification, isolation, and lineage-specific development, Renshan Ge, Qiang Dong, Chantal M. Sottas, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Barry R. Zirkin, and Matthew P. Hardy
Interleukin-1β signals through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production pathway in sertoli epithelial cells, Tomomoto Ishikawa and Patricia L. Morris
Laminin α3 forms a complex with β3 and γ3 chains that serves as the ligand for α6β1-integrin at the apical ectoplasmic specialization in adult rat testes, Helen H.N. Yan and C. Yan Cheng
Local and systemic effects of intranodally injected CpG-C immunostimulatory-oligodeoxyribonucleotides in macaques, Natalia Teleshova, Jessica Kenney, Gary Van Nest, Jason Marshall, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Irving Sivin, Jason Dufour, Rudolf Bohm, Agegnehu Gettie, and Melissa Robbiani
Long-term administration of mifepristone (RU486): Clinical tolerance during extended treatment of meningioma, Steven M. Grunberg, Martin H. Weiss, Christy A. Russell, Irving M. Spitz, Jamshid Ahmadi, Alfredo Sadun, and Régine Sitruk-Ware
Lymphocyte–dendritic cell interactions and mucosal acquisition of SIV/HIV infection, Stuart G. Turville, Silvia Peretti, and Melissa Robbiani
Mifepristone and misoprostol sequential regimen side effects, complications and safety, Régine Sitruk-Ware
New progestagens for contraceptive use, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor, adrenomedullin and their receptors and modulates progesterone receptor content in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells, Qin Xu, Noriyuki Ohara, Wei Chen, Jin Liu, Hiroko Sasaki, Akira Morikawa, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Elof D.B. Johansson, and Takeshi Maruo
Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide carraguard in Thai women: Findings from a Phase II clinical trial, Peter H. Kilmarx, Janneke van de Wijgert, Supaporn Chaikummao, Heidi E. Jones, Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat, Barbara Friedland, John M. Karon, Chomnad Manopaiboon, Nucharee Srivirojana, Somboonsak Yanpaisarn, Somsak Supawitkul, Nancy L. Young, Philip A. Mock, Kelly Blanchard, and Timothy D. Mastro
Slamming the door on unwanted guests: Why preemptive strikes at the mucosa may be the best strategy against HIV, Susanna Trapp, Stuart G. Turville, and Melissa Robbiani
Sleeping with the enemy: The insidious relationship between dendritic cells and immunodeficiency viruses, Laurence Vachot, Stuart G. Turville, Susanna Trapp, Silvia Peretti, Gavin Morrow, Ines Frank, and Melissa Robbiani
SUMO-1, human male germ cell development, and the androgen receptor in the testis of men with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis, Margarita Vigodner, Tomomoto Ishikawa, Peter N. Schlegel, and Patricia L. Morris
The sertoli-spermatid junctional complex adhesion strength is affected in vitro by adjudin, Katja M. Wolski, Dolores D. Mruk, and Don F. Cameron
Transition from Norplant to Jadelle in a clinic with extensive experience providing contraceptive implants, Vivian Brache, Anibal Faundes, Francisco Alvarez-Sanchez, and Ana-Gloria García
Tumor necrosis factor α reversibly disrupts the blood-testis barrier and impairs Sertoli-germ cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes, Michelle W.M. Li, Weiliang Xia, Dolores D. Mruk, Claire Q.F. Wang, Helen H.N. Yan, Michelle K.Y. Siu, Wing-Yee Lui, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Visualization of GM1 with cholera toxin B in live epididymal versus ejaculated bull, mouse, and human spermatozoa, Danielle E. Buttke, Jacquelyn L. Nelson, Peter N. Schlegel, Gary R. Hunnicutt, and Alexander J. Travis
Submissions from 2005
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 in rat leydig cells: Its role in blunting glucocorticoid action at physiological levels of substrate, Renshan Ge, Qiang Dong, Enmei Niu, Chantal M. Sottas, Dianne O. Hardy, James F. Catterall, Syed A. Latif, David J. Morris, and Matthew P. Hardy
AF-2364 [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide] is a potential male contraceptive: A review of recent data, C. Yan Cheng, Dolores D. Mruk, Bruno Silvestrini, Michele Bonanomi, Ching-hang Wong, Michelle K.Y. Siu, Nikki P.Y. Lee, Wing-Yee Lui, and Meng-Yun Mo
Altered prostatic epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, prostatic development, and serum testosterone in mice lacking cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, Motoko Mukai, Qiang Dong, Matthew P. Hardy, Hiroaki Kiyokawa, Richard E. Peterson, and Paul S. Cooke
Blood-testis barrier dynamics are regulated by an engagement/disengagement mechanism between tight and adherens junctions via peripheral adaptors, Helen H.N. Yan and C. Yan Cheng
Blood-testis barrier dynamics are regulated by α2- macroglobulin via the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway, Ching-hang Wong, Dolores D. Mruk, Michelle K.Y. Siu, and C. Yan Cheng
Bone and muscle protective potential of the prostate-sparing synthetic androgen 7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone: Evidence from the aged orchidectomized male rat model, Katrien Venken, Steven Boonen, Erik Van Herck, Liesbeth Vandenput, Narender Kumar, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Kalyan Sundaram, Roger Bouillon, and Dirk Vanderschueren
Clinical performance and menstrual bleeding patterns with three dosage combinations of a Nestorone® progestogen/ethinyl estradiol contraceptive vaginal ring used on a bleeding-signaled regimen, Edith Weisberg, Vivian Brache, Francisco Alvarez, Rebeca Massai, Daniel R. Mishell Jr., Dan Apter, Judi Gale, Irving Sivin, Yun-yen Tsong, and Ian S. Fraser
Contraceptive vaginal rings releasing Nestorone® and ethinylestradiol: A 1-year dose-finding trial, Irving Sivin, Daniel R. Mishell Jr., Francisco Alvarez, Vivian Brache, Kaisa Elomaa, Pekka Lähteenmäki, Rebeca Massai, Patricia Miranda, Horacio B. Croxatto, Catherine Dean, Margaret Small, Harold A. Nash, and Theodore M. Jackanicz
Crosstalk between Rab GTPases and cell junctions, Dolores D. Mruk, Ann S.N. Lau, and Anne M. Conway
Culture and comparison of feline myeloid dendritic cells vs macrophages, Wendy S. Sprague, Melissa Robbiani, and Edward A. Hoover
Cytokines and junction restructuring during spermatogenesis: A lesson to learn from the testis, Weiliang Xia, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Delivery options for contraceptives, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Disruption of Sertoli-germ cell adhesion function in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis can be limited to adherens junctions without affecting the blood-testis barrier integrity: An in vivo study using an androgen suppression model, Weiliang Xia, Ching-hang Wong, Nikki P.Y. Lee, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng
Elimination of retroviral infectivity by N-ethylmaleimide with preservation of functional envelope glycoproteins, David R. Morcock, James A. Thomas, Tracy D. Gagliardi, Robert J. Gorelick, J. David Roser, Elena N. Chertova, Julian W. Bess Jr., David E. Ott, Quentin J. Sattentau, Ines Frank, Melissa Robbiani, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Louis E. Henderson, and Bruce J. Crise
Endogenous selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms 1 and 2 of adrenal origin, Syed A. Latif, Hector A. Pardo, Matthew P. Hardy, and David J. Morris
Gene expression in rat leydig cells during development from the progenitor to adult stage: A cluster analysis, Renshan Ge, Qiang Dong, Chantal M. Sottas, Haolin Chen, Barry R. Zirkin, and Matthew P. Hardy
Immune complex deposition in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically immunized with GnRH, Louis A. Vargas, Richard Sewell, Aileen Marshall, Josephine Galatioto, Yun-yen Tsong, James F. Catterall, and Gary R. Hunnicutt
Immunomodulatory effects of HSV-2 infection on immature macaque dendritic cells modify innate and adaptive responses, Silvia Peretti, Andrew Shaw, James Blanchard, Rudolf Bohm, Gavin Morrow, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Agegnehu Gettie, and Melissa Robbiani
Interactions among IQGAP1, Cdc42, and the cadherin/catenin protein complex regulate sertoli-germ cell adherens junction dynamics in the testis, Wing-Yee Lui, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
Maintenance of spermatogenesis requires TAF4b, a gonad-specific subunit of TFIID, Allison E. Falender, Richard N. Freiman, Kenneth G. Geles, Kirk C. Lo, KeumSil Hwang, Dolores J. Lamb, Patricia L. Morris, Robert Tjian, and JoAnne S. Richards
Management of patients receiving long-term treatment with mifepristone, Irving M. Spitz, Steven M. Grunberg, Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet, Tzina Lindenberg, Hadassa Gelber, and Régine Sitruk-Ware
Mitogen-activated protein kinases, adherens junction dynamics, and spermatogenesis: A review of recent data, Ching-hang Wong and C. Yan Cheng
Myotubularin phosphoinositide phosphatases, protein phosphatases, and kinases: Their roles in junction dynamics and spermatogenesis, Jiayi Zhang, Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng
Paracrine modulation of androgen synthesis in rat Leydig cells by nitric oxide, Ben-Avi Weissman, Enmei Niu, Renshan Ge, Chantal M. Sottas, Michael Holmes, James C. Hutson, and Matthew P. Hardy
Pharmacology of different progestogens: The special case of drospirenone, Régine Sitruk-Ware
Phase III microbicide trial methodology: Opinions of experienced expanded safety trial participants in South Africa, Janneke van de Wijgert, Heidi E. Jones, Annalie Pistorius, Alana de Kock, Mohlatlego H. Sebola, Barbara Friedland, Anwar Hoosen, and Nicol Coetzee
Population Council contributions toward the development and advances in reproductive biomedicine and population sciences in Asian nations (1952–2002), Samuel S. Koide
Progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 down-regulates proliferative cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulates caspase-3 and poly(adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase expression in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells, Qin Xu, Shigeki Takekida, Noriyuki Ohara, Wei Chen, Régine Sitruk-Ware, Elof D.B. Johansson, and Takeshi Maruo
Protein kinases and adherens junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium of the rat testis, Nikki P.Y. Lee and C. Yan Cheng
Regulation of ectoplasmic specialization dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium by focal adhesion-associated proteins in testosterone-suppressed rat testes, Ching-hang Wong, Weiliang Xia, Nikki P.Y. Lee, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng