Submissions from 2023
HSV-2 prevalence and association with inflammatory cytokines among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) living with and without HIV-1 from Lagos, Nigeria, Meropi Aravantinou, Marlena Gehret Plagianos, Afoke Kokogho, Sylvia Adebajo, Rebecca G. Nowak, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Charles Ekeh, Kara Lombardi, Sheila Peel, Stefan D. Baral, Trevor Crowell, Nina Derby, Natalia Teleshova, and Elena Martinelli
Infections averted by a comprehensive HIV prevention intervention and its cost-effectiveness: A prospective cohort study of persons who inject drugs in Delhi, India, Lopamudra Ray Saraswati, Aparajita Dasgupta, Indrani Gupta, Julie Pulerwitz, and Avina Sarna
Submissions from 2022
The syndemic of substance use, high-risk sexual behavior, and violence: A qualitative exploration of the intersections and implications for HIV/STI prevention among key populations in Lagos, Nigeria, Osasuyi Dirisu, Mayokun Adediran, Adekemi Omole, Akinwumi Akinola, Bassey Ebenso, Elizabeth Shoyemi, George I. Eluwa, Waimar Tun, and Sylvia Adebajo
Differences in HIV, STI and other risk factors among younger and older male sex workers who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya, Nicholas Muraguri, Jerry Okoth Okal, Marleen Temmerman, Helgar Musyoki, and Peter Gichangi
Planning for injecting drug use as a means to prevent risky injection behavior, Mary Philip Sebastian, Avina Sarna, Lopamudra Saraswati, Vartika Sharma, Ira Madan, Waimar Tun, and Ibou Thior
Operationalizing the distribution of oral HIV self-testing kits to men who have sex with men (MSM) in a highly homophobic environment: The Nigerian experience, Adekemi Sekoni, Waimar Tun, Osasuyi Dirisu, Temitope Ladi-Akinyemi, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Sylvia Adebajo, Folasade Ogunsola, and Lung Vu
A qualitative study of how stigma influences HIV services for transgender men and women in Nigeria, Waimar Tun, Julie Pulerwitz, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Anita Fernandez, Adepeju Adeniran, Franklin Ejiogu, Olusegun Sangowawa, Krista Granger, Osasuyi Dirisu, and Adebola A. Adedimeji
Submissions from 2021
Factors associated with condom breakage among female sex workers in the western region of Ghana, Augustine Ankomah, Helen H. Habib, Benedicta K. Atsu, Margaret Atuahene, Pricillia Awo Nortey, Seth Afagbedzi, and Abubakar Manu
Factors associated with depression among young female migrants and commercial sex workers in Ethiopia, Annabel Erulkar and Girmay Medhin
National and subnational size estimation of female sex workers in Ghana 2020: Comparing 3-source capture-recapture with other approaches, Chris Guure, Samuel Dery, Waimar Tun, Sharon Weir, Silas Quaye, Augustine Ankomah, and Kwasi Torpey
Factors associated with condom failure in a longitudinal cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria, Matthew Hamill, Fengming Hu, Afoke Kokogho, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Charles Ekeh, Manhattan E. Charurat, Merlin L. Robb, Sylvia Adebajo, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Trevor A. Crowell, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: A cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria, Andrew Mitchell, Trevor A. Crowell, Nicaise Ndembi, Afoke Kokogho, Habib O. Ramadhani, Merlin L. Robb, Stefan Baral, Julie Ake, Manhattan E. Charurat, Sheila Peel, Rebecca G. Nowak, TRUST/RV368 Study Group, and George I. Eluwa
Cost-effectiveness of peer-delivered HIV self-tests for MSM in Uganda, Stephen Okoboi, Barbara Castelnuovo, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, Oucul Lazarus, Lung Vu, Sam Kalibala, Yvonne Kamara, Perez N. Ochanda, Rachel King, and Andrew Mujugira
Advances in conceptualizing and measuring stigma among people living with HIV, Project SOAR
Leveraging adaptive implementation strategies to achieve universal coverage of antiretroviral therapy in Senegal, Gnilane Turpin, Carrie E. Lyons, Sidy Mokhtar Ndiaye, Nuria Gallego Marquez, Nika Elmi, Nguissali Turpin, Penda Dieng, Daouda Diouf, and Stefan Baral
Assessment of community-based ART service model linking female sex workers to HIV care and treatment in Blantyre and Mangochi, Malawi, Lung Vu, Brady Zieman, Adamson Muula, Vincent Samuel, Lyson Tenthani, David Chilongozi, Simon Sikwese, Grace Kumwenda, and Scott Geibel
Submissions from 2020
‘I will welcome this one 101%, I will so embrace it’: A qualitative exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lagos, Nigeria, Osasuyi Dirisu, Adekemi Sekoni, Lung Vu, Sylvia Adebajo, Jean Njab, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Sade Ogunsola, and Waimar Tun
What shapes resilience among people living with HIV? A multi-country analysis of data from the PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0, Ann Gottert; Tracy McClair; Julie Pulerwitz; Barbara Friedland; and PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0 Study Group in Cambodia, the Dominican Republic and Uganda
Creating HIV risk profiles for men in South Africa: A latent class approach using cross-sectional survey data, Ann Gottert, Julie Pulerwitz, Craig Heck, Cherie Cawood, and Sanyukta Mathur
Seizing opportunities for intervention: Changing HIV-related knowledge among men who have sex with men and transgender women attending trusted community centers in Nigeria, Milissa U. Jones, Habib O. Ramadhani, Sylvia Adebajo, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Afoke Kokogho, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Julie Ake, Hongjie Liu, Manhattan E. Charurat, Merlin L. Robb, Trevor A. Crowell, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Sustaining consistent condom use among female sex workers by addressing their vulnerabilities and strengthening community-led organizations in India, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Monika Walia, Sangram Kishor Patel, Madhusudana Battala, Saradiya Mukherjee, Prachi Patel, Balakrishnan Subramanium, Yamini Atmavilas, and Niranjan Saggurti
Domestic work, sexual abuse, and exploitation in Tanzania, James K. Matheka, Elizabeth Shayo, and Annabel Erulkar
HIV vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women: A multi-country latent class analysis approach, Sanyukta Mathur, Nanlesta Pilgrim, Sangram Kishor Patel, Jerry Okal, Victor Mwapasa, Effie Chipeta, Maurice Musheke, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, and Julie Pulerwitz
Education and sexually transmitted infections among Malawian adolescents / Niveau d'instruction et infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les adolescent(e)s au Malawi, Barbara Mensch, Monica J. Grant, and Erica Soler-Hampejsek
Multiple HPV infections among men who have sex with men engaged in anal cancer screening in Abuja, Nigeria, Rebecca G. Nowak, Lisa M. Schumaker, Nicholas P. Ambulos, Nicaise Ndembi, Wuese Dauda, Chineda H. Nnaji, Andrew Mitchell, Trevor J. Mathias, Paul Jibrin, Teresa M. Darragh, Oluwole Olaomi, Trevor A. Crowell, Stefan Baral, Manhattan E. Charurat, Søren M. Bentzen, Joel M. Palefsky, Kevin J. Cullen, TRUST/RV368 Study Group, and Elizabeth Shoyemi
Project SOAR research informs national policy change in Tanzania expanding access to HIV services for marginalized populations, Population Council
Association of age with healthcare needs and engagement among Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses from an observational cohort, Habib O. Ramadhani, Trevor A. Crowell, Rebecca G. Nowak, Nicaise Ndembi, Blessing O. Kayode, Afoke Kokogho, Uchenna Ononaku, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Charles Ekeh, Sylvia Adebajo, Stefan Baral, Manhattan E. Charurat, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Strengthening capacity for assessment of HIV-related data needs among key populations to inform evidence-based responses, Amrita Rao, Nikita Viswasam, and Stefan Baral
A multilevel intervention to reduce stigma among alcohol consuming men living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: Findings from a randomized control trial in India, Roopal Jyoti Singh, Avina Sarna, Jean J. Schensul, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Toan Ha, and Stephen L. Schensul
HIV status disclosure by Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women living with HIV: A cross-sectional analysis at enrollment into an observational cohort, Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu, John Lawlor, Fengming Hu, Afoke Kokogho, Manhattan E. Charurat, Charles Ekeh, Merlin L. Robb, Sylvia Adebajo, George I. Eluwa, Julie Ake, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Trevor A. Crowell, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Masculine gender ideologies, intimate partner violence, and alcohol use increase risk for genital tract infections among men, Kiyomi Tsuyuki, Balaiah Donta, Anindita Dasgupta, Paul Fleming, Mohan Ghule, Madhusudana Battala, Saritha Nair, Jay G. Silverman, Niranjan Saggurti, and Anita Raj
Community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery for female sex workers in Tanzania: Intervention model and baseline findings, Lung Vu, Waimar Tun, Louis Apicella, Caterina Casalini, Neema Makyao, Samantha Tsang, Denna Michael, Todd Koppenhaver, and Erick Mlanga
Community-based HIV treatment service delivery model for female sex workers in Tanzania: Evaluation findings, Lung Vu, Waimar Tun, Louis Apicella, Jeremiah Kidola, Caterina Casalini, Gasper Mbita, Neema Makyao, Todd Koppenhaver, and Erick Mlanga
Safer conception for female sex workers living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Cross-sectional analysis of needs and opportunities in integrated family planning/HIV services, Eileen Yam, Catherine Kahabuka, Gasper Mbita, Koheleth Winani, Louis Apicella, Caterina Casalini, and Zuhura Mbuguni
Stigma among key populations living with HIV in the Dominican Republic: Experiences of people of Haitian descent, MSM, and female sex workers, Eileen Yam, Julie Pulerwitz, Dulce Almonte, Felipa García, Angel del Valle, Alejandra Colom, Tracy McClair, and Yordana Dolores
Submissions from 2019
New subtype B containing HIV-1 circulating recombinant of sub-Saharan Africa origin in Nigerian men who have sex with men, Erik Billings, Gustavo H. Kijak, Eric Sanders-Buell, Nicaise Ndembi, Anne Marie O'Sullivan, Sylvia Adebajo, Afoke Kokogho, Mark Milazzo, Kara Lombardi, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Habib O. Ramadhani, Robert Gramzinski, Merlin L. Robb, Nelson L. Michael, Manhattan E. Charurat, Julie Ake, Trevor A. Crowell, Sodsai Tovanabutra, MHRP Viral Sequencing Core, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Time to change the paradigm: Limited condom and lubricant use among Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women despite availability and counseling, Trevor A. Crowell, Stefan Baral, Sheree Schwartz, Rebecca G. Nowak, Afoke Kokogho, Sylvia Adebajo, Babajide Keshinro, Olumide Makanjuola, Nelson L. Michael, Merlin L. Robb, Manhattan E. Charurat, Julie Ake, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Anorectal and urogenital Mycoplasma genitalium in Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women: Prevalence, incidence, and association with HIV, Trevor A. Crowell, John Lawlor, Kara Lombardi, Rebecca G. Nowak, Justin Hardick, Sunday Odeyemi, Afoke Kokogho, Jennifer Malia, Catherine Stewart, Merlin L. Robb, Stefan Baral, Sylvia Adebajo, Manhattan E. Charurat, Julie Ake, Sheila Peel, and Charlotte A. Gaydos
Rising HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Nigeria: A trend analysis, George I. Eluwa, Sylvia Adebajo, Titilope Eluwa, Obinna Ogbanufe, Oluwafunke Ilesanmi, and Charles Nzelu
Dataset: Vulnerable street boys and girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Nrupa Jani, Lung Vu, Sam Kalibala, Gebeyehu Mekonnen, and Kay Lynn
Gender-based violence and engagement in biomedical HIV prevention, care and treatment: A scoping review, Anna M. Leddy, Ellen Weiss, Eileen Yam, and Julie Pulerwitz
Use and acceptability of HIV self-testing among first-time testers at risk for HIV in Senegal, Carrie E. Lyons, Karleen Coly, Anna L. Bowring, Benjamin Liestman, Daouda Diouf, Vincent Wong, Gnilane Turpin, Delivette Castor, Penda Dieng, Oluwasolape Olawore, Scott Geibel, Sosthenes Ketende, Cheikh Ndour, Safiatou Thiam, Coumba Toure-Kane, and Stefan Baral
Individual and sexual network predictors of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in Nigeria, Rebecca G. Nowak, Andrew Mitchell, Trevor A. Crowell, Hongjie Liu, Sosthenes Ketende, Habib O. Ramadhani, Nicaise Ndembi, Sylvia Adebajo, Julie Ake, William A. Blattner, Stefan Baral, and Manhattan E. Charurat
Enhancing financial security of female sex workers through a community-led intervention in India: Evidence from a longitudinal survey, Sangram Kishor Patel, Saradiya Mukherjee, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Madhusudana Battala, Matangi Jayaram, Sameer Kumta, Yamini Atmavilas, and Niranjan Saggurti
Relationship between self-efficacy and HIV testing uptake among young men who have sex with men in Myanmar: A cross-sectional analysis, Minh D. Pham, Poe Poe Aung, Paul A. Agius, Naanki Pasricha, Swai Mon Oo, Waimar Tun, Ashish Bajracharya, and Stanley Luchters
Quality of care and HIV service utilization among key populations in Zambia: A qualitative comparative analysis among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and people who use drugs, Nanlesta Pilgrim, Maurice Musheke, H. Fisher Raymond, Ryan Keating, John Mwale, Lunda Banda, Drosin Mulenga, Lyson Phiri, Scott Geibel, and Waimar Tun
Women and HIV: Understanding and addressing stigma—Evidence from the Population Council, Population Council
Índice de Estigma en Personas Viviendo con VIH 2.0: Resultados preliminares para la República Dominicana, Project SOAR
Strengthening capacity to prevent HIV among adolescent girls and young women: Supporting DREAMS programming, Project SOAR
The People Living with HIV Stigma Index 2.0: Preliminary results from the Dominican Republic, Project SOAR
Índice de Estigma en Personas que Viven con VIH: República Dominicana, Red Dominicana de Personas que Viven con VIH/SIDA, Alianza Solidaria para la Lucha Contra el VIH y SIDA, and Population Council
The People Living With HIV Stigma Index: Dominican Republic, Red Dominicana de Personas que Viven con VIH/SIDA, Alianza Solidaria para la Lucha Contra el VIH y SIDA, and Population Council
Prevalence and determinants of unprotected sex in intimate partnerships of men who inject drugs: Findings from a prospective intervention study, Vartika Sharma, Waimar Tun, Avina Sarna, Lopamudra Saraswati, Minh D. Pham, Ibou Thior, and Stanley Luchters
Community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery for female sex workers in Tanzania: 6-month ART initiation and adherence, Waimar Tun, Louis Apicella, Caterina Casalini, D. Bikaru, G. Mbita, K. Jeremiah, Neema Makyao, Todd Koppenhaver, and Lung Vu
Reproductive health and desire for children among young female sex workers in Bangladesh brothels, Eileen Yam, Nargis Sultana, Tarik Hossain, Brady Zieman, Shongkour Roy, Reena Yasmin, Najmus Sadiq, and Sharif M.I. Hossain
Submissions from 2018
Molecular screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance markers in Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women, Akindiran Akintunde, Justin Hardick, Trevor A. Crowell, Kara Lombardi, Sunday Odeyemi, Andrew Ivo, George I. Eluwa, Jean Njab, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Thomas C. Quinn, Kent Barbian, Sarah Anzick, Sylvia Adebajo, Manhattan E. Charurat, Julie Ake, and Charlotte A. Gaydos
Asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum among Nigerian men who have sex with men, Trevor A. Crowell, Justin Hardick, Kara Lombardi, Zahra Parker, Afoke Kokogho, Senate Amusu, Sunday Odeyemi, Andrew Ivo, Stefan Baral, Rebecca G. Nowak, Sylvia Adebajo, Manhattan E. Charurat, Julie Ake, Charlotte A. Gaydos, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Measuring intersecting stigma among key populations living with HIV: Implementing the people living with HIV Stigma Index 2.0, Barbara Friedland, Laurel Sprague, Laura Nyblade, Stefan Baral, Julie Pulerwitz, Ann Gottert, Ugochukwu Amanyeiwe, Alison Cheng, Christoforos Mallouris, Florence Anam, Aasha Jackson, and Scott Geibel
Building the evidence base on the HIV programme in India: An integrated approach to document programmatic learnings, Deepika Ganju, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Rajatashuvra Adhikary, Sangram Kishor Patel, Niranjan Saggurti, and Gina Dallabetta
Measuring vulnerability among female sex workers in India using a multidimensional framework, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Ruchira Bhattacharya, Yamini Atmavilas, and Niranjan Saggurti
Benchmark assessment of orphaned and vulnerable children in areas of the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) Project—Brief, Michael Mbizvo and Paul C. Hewett
Benchmark assessment of orphaned and vulnerable children in areas of the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) Project, Michael Mbizvo, Paul C. Hewett, Nkomba Kayeyi, Lyson Phiri, Saziso N. Mulenga, Bwalya Mushiki, and Mwelwa Chibuye
Female sex workers experiences of using contraceptive methods: A qualitative study in Kenya, Rhoune Ochako, Jerry Okal, Steven Kimetu, Ian Askew, and Marleen Temmerman
Community organization membership, financial security, and social protection among female sex workers in India, Sangram Kishor Patel, Anrudh K. Jain, Madhusudana Battala, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, and Niranjan Saggurti
Addressing stigma and gender inequities to strengthen HIV and AIDS programming: A focus on key populations, Population Council
Feasibility and acceptability of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Nigeria, Population Council
Male partners of adolescent girls and young women: Relationship characteristics and HIV risk—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research, Population Council
Are services meeting the holistic family planning needs of female sex workers living with HIV in Tanzania?, Project SOAR
Characterizing the unmet HIV prevention needs and HIV risk vulnerabilities of adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia, Project SOAR
Does a community-based, HIV service delivery model improve female sex workers’ care and treatment outcomes in Tanzania?, Project SOAR
Female sex workers living with HIV in Tanzania have both a need for contraception and a desire to have children in the future, Project SOAR
Strengthening capacity to prevent HIV among adolescent girls and young women: Supporting DREAMS-like programming, Project SOAR
Individual and network factors associated with HIV care continuum outcomes among Nigerian MSM accessing healthcare services, Habib O. Ramadhani, Nicaise Ndembi, Rebecca G. Nowak, Uchenna Ononaku, Jerry Gwamna, Ifeanyi Orazulike, Sylvia Adebajo, Trevor A. Crowell, Hongjie Liu, Stefan Baral, Julie Ake, Manhattan E. Charurat, and TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Uptake of HIV self‐testing and linkage to treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria: A pilot programme using key opinion leaders to reach MSM, Waimar Tun, Lung Vu, Osasuyi Dirisu, Adekemi Sekoni, Elizabeth Shoyemi, Jean Njab, Sade Ogunsola, and Sylvia Adebajo
High burden of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 and factors associated with HIV infection among female sex workers in Tanzania: Implications for early treatment of HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Lung Vu and Kavita Misra
Submissions from 2017
Stigma, access to healthcare, and HIV risks among men who sell sex to men in Nigeria, Trevor A. Crowell, Babajide Keshinro, Stefan Baral, Sheree Schwartz, Shauna Stahlman, Rebecca G. Nowak, Sylvia Adebajo, William A. Blattner, Manhattan E. Charurat, and Julie Ake
Stigma, violence and HIV vulnerability among transgender persons in sex work in Maharashtra, India, Deepika Ganju and Niranjan Saggurti
Stigma reduction training improves healthcare provider attitudes toward, and experiences of, young marginalized people in Bangladesh, Scott Geibel, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Julie Pulerwitz, Nargis Sultana, Tarik Hossain, Shongkour Roy, Brady Zieman, Lucy Stackpool-Moore, Barbara Friedland, Reena Yasmin, Najmus Sadiq, and Eileen Yam
Paying for sex by young men who live on the streets in Dhaka City: Compounded sexual risk in a vulnerable migrant community, Tracy McClair, Tarik Hossain, Nargis Sultana, Brady Zieman, Eileen Yam, Sharif M.I. Hossain, Reena Yasmin, Najmus Sadiq, Michele R. Decker, and Saifuddin Ahmed
Using brothel leadership to promote condom use among brothel-based female sex workers in Abuja, Nigeria: Study protocol for a cluster randomized pilot trial, Uchenna Onyekachi Okafor, Rik Crutzen, Okekearu Ifeanyi, Sylvia Adebajo, Adaora Uzoh, Egbe Aneotah Awo, Chukwuemeka Chima, Ogechukwu Agwagwa, and Bart van den Borne
HIV prevalence and high-risk behaviour of young brothel and non-brothel based female sex workers in Nigeria, Uchenna Onyekachi Okafor, Rik Crutzen, Okekearu Ifeanyi, Sylvia Adebajo, and Hubertus Van den Borne
Factors associated with HIV testing among young men who have sex with men in Myanmar: A cross-sectional study, Minh D. Pham, Poe Poe Aung, Aye Kyawt Paing, Naanki Pasricha, Paul A. Agius, Waimar Tun, Ashish Bajracharya, and Stanley Luchters
Adolescent girls and young women’s perceptions of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis introduction in Tanzania: Findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Assessment of comprehensive HIV-risk reduction programming for adolescent girls and young women: Implementation science research in Kenya, Population Council
Assessment of comprehensive HIV-risk reduction programming for adolescent girls and young women: Implementation science research in Zambia, Population Council
Considerations for PrEP introduction to adolescent girls and young women: Implementation science research in Tanzania, Population Council
Effective engagement of male partners of adolescent girls and young women in HIV services: Implementation science research in Swaziland, Population Council
Effective engagement of male partners of adolescent girls and young women in South Africa, Population Council
Effective engagement of male partners of adolescent girls and young women in Uganda, Population Council
Introducing oral pre-exposure prophylaxis to adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: Overview of findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Men's perceptions of PrEP use by their adolescent and young adult female partners in Tanzania in Tanzania: Findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Parents' and guardians' perceptions of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis introduction in Tanzania: Findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Policymakers' perceptions of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis introduction in Tanzania: Findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Providers' views on PrEP for adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: Findings from implementation science research, Population Council
Assessing HIV-related outcomes among key populations accessing community-based test and start services in Nigeria, Project SOAR
Evaluation of the “One Community” program in Malawi, Project SOAR